As the former concentration camp site was used directly after the war as an internment camp and then as a prison, the history of the atrocities that occurred in Neuengamme and its subcamps was largely forgotten in Hamburg and the rest of Germany. The history of the Holocaust never ceases to shock me. Established in 1938 near the village of Neuengamme in the Bergedorf district of Hamburg, the Neuengamme camp became the largest concentration camp in Northwest Germany. He was killed in action on 17 March 1945. One of the few possessions the prisoners were allowed to have, their bowls, were rusty and could only be washed in cold water. Responsible for this was the unit "Displaced Persons Assembly Centre Staffs" (DPACS) which was supported by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). . . It must never happen again. I was born in 1943 and to see how children of my age being led to the gas chambers brought years to my eyes ! Hamburg Cruise Terminal to Neuengamme memorial, Re: Hamburg Cruise Terminal to Neuengamme memorial, Get answers to your questions about Hamburg. The memorial site spans an area of 600,000 square metres. Take in the multifaceted history of Hamburg with a private guided tour of the city and visit to the Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial. Between 20 and 26 April, over 9000 prisoners were taken from Neuengamme and loaded on four ships: the passenger liners Deutschland and Cap Arcona, and two large steamers, SS Thielbek and Athen. In the words of the investigators, this murder is outstanding for its utter ruthlessness and for the cold bloodiness of the accused. In the winter of 1944-1945, Dr. Ludwig-Werner Haase tested a new water filter by adding 100 times the safe dose of arsenic to water. The trial of 14 men who had held leading positions in the main camp at Neuengamme opened on 18 March 1946. How to get from Kiel to Neuengamme by train, bus or car - Rome2rio Established in 1938, it was built by the prisoners themselves, and had close to 90 satellite camps, known as Aussenkommandos. They lived in an old brick factory. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). Concluding that the ships contained Norway-bound fleeing Nazi officials rather than thousands of prisoners, the Royal Air Force Hawker Typhoons (RAF) bombed the Thielbek, Cap Arcona and Deutschland on May 3rd. The place appeared to have been thoroughly cleaned, and he only found rubber gloves and what [he] took to be a preserved human heart in a bottle. [58] The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum states that the camp was established on 13 December 1938 and liberated on 4 May 1945. In 2005, more than sixty years after former prisoners erected the first memorial at the camp's entrance, the entire site finally became the memorial that it is today, with former factory buildings housingthe centre for exhibitions, cultural exchange and research. [32], Work at the main camp centered around brick production for the first half of the war. The ruins of this church, bombed by Allied forces duringOperation Gomorrah in 1943, now housea WWII memorial and museum. So appalling one cannot comprehend mans inhumanity. [48] Dr. Garbe, from the Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial, wrote, "The importance of the satellite camps is further highlighted by the fact that toward the ends of the war three times more prisoners were in satellite camps than in the main camp."[48]. There was a special ration for heavy workers, but at an additional 250g bread and 3g margarine, it was grossly inadequate. The entirety of the grounds was thus only incorporated into the memorial site in 2007.[52]. I only remember as a child Blackout curtains, searchlights in the distance over and around Liverpool, and later prisoners of war attempting to unearth unexploded bombs in nearby fields,however reading this well researched blog again reminds us all of suffering on so many during the ww2 conflict.The true story of all that happened to the Jews and others continues to be uncovered and will help this generation and those that follow, the full depth of what the Nazi war machine was intent on inflicting the world at large. The meager portions available were of poor quality and were often inedible. Cheapest way from Hamburg to Amsterdam ?? We still see again in the horrors of even more modern wars. The National Archives, Kew No matter how distressing this information is the reality it describes must be shared forever. I have just finished reading about the first transport of Jewish girls to Auschwitz, and that was pretty harrowing. Because so as not to alert the German population as to the Nazis No 1 secret priority programme of extermination most were located in other countries over their borders. In June 1940, the SS decided to establish an independent concentration camp at Neuengamme. Neuengamme Concentration Camp, Hamburg - Trek Zone Plan Your Visit - kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de While closed, the Neuengamme concentration camp memorial site continues to publish online content, with readings about the concentration camp history and talks by experts on their Facebook page.One of them, Lennart Onken, shared insider information about the berlebt!Was nun? We know the names of 23,394 victims. Neustadt Bay, Germany: death of allied nationals on board ship and investigations into We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. TNA Catalogue description systematic starvation (. Most SS officers had direct contact with the prisoners, and their harassment and mistreatment were daily markers of camp routine. He practiced experiments on adults in Neuengamme, then requested children. [10] These prisoners included John William, who had participated in the sabotaging and bombing of a military factory in Montluon. I know of no other species of animal that would behave like that! TE buffer. They were cheerful, perfectly normal, children. more. Perhaps that is what is meant by original sin, which doesnt go away for some! Some 99 SS subcamps were part of the Neuengamme . Only 14 staff members were convicted for their crimes. Thank you for writing the blog. They are the only names recorded in this death register. Hamburg Cruise Terminal to Neuengamme memorial - Tripadvisor The banks of the Elbe river of Hamburg, considered Germany's "Gateway to the World" for its large port, were to be redone in the clinker brick style characteristic of German Brick Expressionism.[3]. Public transport is safe, easy and would be my choice. Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial, Hamburg - GetYourGuide From there they were sent to work in a HASAG munitions factory at Leipzeig. Attention is like the cement of the bridge. [36] While conditions for prisoners working in these privately owned factories were better than those working in other kommandos, all prisoners worked under the constant threat of being transferred to the death kommandos. The Holocaust and World War II: Key Dates, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Piecing together some stories he told our family, he was in an early type of special forces unit. Warning: This blog post contains potentially distressing text and images. You will begin with a pick-up at a location of your choice in Hamburg . He also used lung probes to inject the disease more deeply. PDF Neuengamme - Yad Vashem. The World Holocaust Remembrance Center In it, besides inviting Bobby to come and stay with his family, he says All members of your staff and the internees who knew you remembered very often the time with you and regretted your leaving. So I am grateful for any information I can get. Report inappropriate content 1-4 of 4 replies Sorted by 1 Diana United States Level Contributor 2,144 posts 201 reviews 82 helpful votes 1. All right. [40] At least 42,900 victims can be verified, even if not by name.[41]. Established in 1938 near the village of Neuengamme in the Bergedorf district of Hamburg, the Neuengamme camp became the largest concentration camp in Northwest Germany. 73754) became adjutant to the commandant of the Neuengamme camp in early 1940. When he was taken from his home, my father, who was 11 at the time, was there and couldnt do anything about it. In the early summer of 1940, Neuengamme became an independent camp and remained the main concentration camp in North-West Germany until 1945. I have not heard of this place. Thank you. [39] 23,394 victims of Neuengamme and the subcamps can be found listed by name in the Neuengamme Memorial Site's House of Remembrance. [37] In April 1942, a crematorium was constructed at the camp. This article was very impressive and well done. Hamburg Airport (HAM) to Neuengamme - 6 ways to travel via - Rome2rio I salute the innocent dead, may their memory live forever thank you for the posting, do continue the research and publish the findings, that is one way to keep those victims alive. Established in 1938 near the village of Neuengamme in the Bergedorf district of Hamburg, the Neuengamme camp became the largest concentration camp in Northwest Germany. I saw the sites like that heavily raised steep concrete incline in which the prisoners had to push metal carts laden with clay to the factory above. Concentration Camp Neuengamme. The Neuengamme concentration camp was a German concentration camp, established in 1938 by the SS near the village of Neuengamme in the Bergedorf district of Hamburg, Germany. Very soon, the mortality rate reached an incredible level. More than 1,000 prisoners died in a louse-born typhus epidemic that began in December 1941. It was bad enough that they would have been taken away from family members but to be treated so inhumanely for no good reason other than another ego . It was located in Hamburg, on a tributary of the Elbe River in northern Germany. Four weeks later, 251 additional Soviet POWs were gassed in the bunker. [9], By the end of 1942, the death rate had risen to 10% per month. Alfred Trzebinski (19021946) was the SS-physician for the Neuengamme subcamps. [1] Following Germany's defeat in 1945, the British Army used the site as an internment camp for SS and other Nazi officials. Originally, Neuengamme was a satellite of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Because of the new administration under Hamburg's social authority the DPs were now labeled as "homeless foreigners". He told us both about the evacuation of the camp in which many died aboard ship bombed by the RAF. In the Husum Aussenkommando, for instance, they dug anti-tank ditches in heavy, sodden marshland. He said the soup was made of water and waste meat (udder, lungs, horse muzzle) and turnips. [50] The Nazi Organisation Todt (OT) operated each subcamp and used forced labourers to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications. Your email address will not be published. The Alderney camps were named after the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney, Lager Borkum, Lager Sylt and Lager Helgoland. Sylt held Jewish forced labourers. Their lives went to save us all from such atrocities suffered by the Jews and others. By this time, two further transports of prisoners from Sachsenhausen had increased the prisoner population to around 1,000. SS overseers and prisoner functionaries (the camp and block elders, and the Kapos) abused and killed prisoners according to whim in addition to the typical official punishments of prisoners (solitary confinement, standing at attention for hours, whipping, hanging from posts, and transfer to penal labor details). Plan your visit Hamburg City and Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial Tour Bus Tours from AU$940.63 per adult (price varies by group size) The area Jean-Dolidier-Weg 75, 21039 Hamburg Germany Full view Best nearby Restaurants In the summer of 1944, Neuengamme received numerous transports of female prisoners from Auschwitz, as well other camps in the East. [38], "Neuengamme" redirects here. German soldiers took him from his home in Haarlem, the Netherlands, on 23 August 1944. It was a medical experimental station. He said they were also sometimes given noodles on Wednesdays. [24][25], The order to transfer the prisoners from the camps to the prison ships came from the Hamburg Gauleiter Karl Kaufmann who was himself acting on orders from Berlin. A map of situation and structure is available.[53]. Following intense pressure from the Amicale Internationale de Neuengamme, the main organization representing all former camp prisoners, the memorial was then expanded in 1965. They also had to build their own camp, and were treated just as appalingly. My grandfather from my fathers side, Dirk van de Gevel, died in an outpost of Neuengamme on 23 November 1944. One of the first and largest subcamps of Neuengamme, Drtte provided forced laborers for the state-owned Hermann Gring Works plant that produced ammunition for anti-aircraft weapons. [22], In May 1945, the DP Assembly Centre "Zoo" was established in the Hamburg park "Planten un Blomen", for repatriations into the Soviet Union. Neustadt Bay, Germany: death of allied nationals on board ship and investigations into conditions at Neuengamme Concentration Camp, Germany Apparently I take the S21 to the 227/327 towards KZ-Gedenksttte (Mahnmal). Prior to that all bodies were taken to Hamburg for cremation. Directions to Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial (Bergedorf) with public transportation The following transit lines have routes that pass near Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial Bus: 127 227 How to get to Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial by Bus? Travel from Amsterdam via train to Hamburg? Review of Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial Reviewed April 24, 2019 We visited the camp on New Years Day 2019, so as you would expect the visitors centre, cafe and shop were closed. They were evacuated from the camp before the arrival of the British troops and ended their travel near Pilsen ( Cz). Recommended Train Take the train from Kiel Hbf to Hamburg Hbf 2h 12m 23 - 46 Cheapest Bus On 25 November 1944, out of 1,000 prisoners, 734 were sick, mostly with intestinal diseases (WO 309/790). Back on earth. Perhaps as many as 15,000 more died in the camp in the following week and during the course of the evacuation. If the majorana of the particle . After departing from the pier, you will soon begin touring Hamburg, a sprawling city that Charlemagne founded in 810 A.D. While visiting the camp, Lieutenant Charlton came across large dumps of turnips, which seemed to have been the basis of the prisoners diet. Concentration Camp Neuengamme - Hamburg-Neuengamme - TracesOfWar.com In all, some 13,000 Jews were prisoners in Neuengamme. Neuengamme. The new Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial was inaugurated on the 60th anniversary of the camp's liberation in May 2005. We find that the addition of glycogen solution significantly improves the yield of highly concentrated DNA. Concluding that the ships contained Norway-bound fleeing Nazi officials rather than thousands of prisoners, the Royal Air Force (RAF) Hawker Typhoons bombed the Thielbek, Cap Arcona and Deutschland on May 3. No SS women were stationed at Neuengamme permanently. Thousands of dead were washed ashore just as the British Army was successful in occupying the area on land. exhibition with the listeners, reminding them that the suffering of concentration camp detainees did not in fact end . Visit this page for family history and other research enquiries, Historys Lionesses: The British Ladies Football Team and the beautiful game in 1895, Five little-known inventors of the Victorian era, Black boxers and the colour bar in 20th century Britain, Friends of The National [19], In May 1945 the British military government began to construct DP Camps in Hamburg. The prisoners were in the ships' hold for several days with no food or water. Orders were issued for the evacuation of the main camp on April 19th. I'm currently in your wonderful city (though it's colder than Paris, I'm really loving it!) 7. How to increase your concentration? - TU Delft The hospitals were also used as a place to murder large groups of weakened Soviet prisoners via lethal injection. German physicians conducted medical experiments on prisoners in Neuengamme. In 1948, the British transferred the land to the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg, which summarily demolished the camp's wooden barracks and built in its stead a prison cell block, converting the former concentration camp site into two state prisons operated by the Hamburg authorities from 1950 to 2004. We must all shout loud and clear against the brutality that is still occurring all over the world. The camp authorities deployed them at forced labor, in camp construction, in the brickworks factory, in river-regulation projects on the Elbe and on construction of a canal between the Dove and Elbe Rivers. Heissmeyer, in case youre wondering, wasnt arrested straight away. The phrase extermination through labour Vernichtung durch Arbeit in German was reportedly coined by Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi propaganda minister, in 1942. Net result? I have just finished reading The Nine by Gwen Strauss. The memorial is located southeast of the center of Hamburg-Bergedorf in Hamburg-Neuengamme, halfway in the direction of Zollenspieker. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1966. Along with hard labour, starvation was part of the extermination through labour Nazi strategy to kill off prisoners without using up any additional resources. In total 75 men of 103 died in the concentration camp. Thus a single trip ticket is EUR 3,20. There are files of death, models of the camp and the administration. She is 21 years which helps you to realise that the work to ensure the next generation is fully aware does have an impact. [33] Constructing the canal, digging the clay, and transporting the soil were known as the three "death commandos". I only found out about 5 years before my mum passed away. : +49 40 - 4 28 13 15 00 Fax: +49 40 - 4 28 13 15 01 E-mail: info@kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de Thank you for this blog I believe it is extremely important that we continue to keep this information at the forefront of everyones mind. All the records were burnt by the SS, and it was bit by bit, like a monstrous jigsaw puzzle, that the enormity of what had happened in Neuengamme started to emerge. In 1942-1943, for instance, some 1,000 Russian prisoners with TB were injected with phenol, and, in the autumn of 1942, 197 were gassed with zyklon B. You may not have heard of Neuengamme, near Hamburg, in the north of Germany. The Channel Islands were the only part of the British Commonwealth occupied by Nazi Germany. I had heard of all the other concentration camps except this one in Germany.This in itself was quite unusual. Sent by his commanding officer to investigate reports of a nearby prisoner camp, Lieutenant S Charlton, of the 53 Reconnaissance Regiment, arrived in Neuengamme on 5 May 1945. Of 106,000 inmates, almost half died. How to get from Hamburg to Neuengamme by train, bus, taxi or car - Rome2rio Take a book and count words in any page of it. At 57 hectares, the Neuengamme Memorial site is one of the largest memorials in Germany. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. ta.queueForLoad : function(f, g){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', f);})(function(){ta.trackEventOnPage('postLinkInline', 'impression', 'postLinks-82674798', '');}, 'log_autolink_impression');Hamburg (albeit far out of the center). In 2000, however, 28 locations still displayed nothing to indicate the past presence of a camp. The main exhibit, 'Traces of History',can be found in a former cell block and an exhibition about the crimes of the SS is housed in the former car park. During the trial, it was noted that doctors in the camp were expected to salvage those patients from whom more work could be obtained. Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial, Hamburg - Tripadvisor Held at the Curio Haus in Hamburg, it lasted until 3 May. Initially, the camp authorities arranged for the cremation of bodies of deceased prisoners in crematoria managed by the Hamburg municipal authorities. 20 Jewish children specifically brought to Neuengamme from Auschwitz in order to be experimented on by Dr. Kurt Heissmeyer from Berlin. They witness and are sign of the mourning for persecuted groups, persons deported, inmates and those murdered by action of retaliation. Thank you. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. Unexpectedly I found out that a member of my own family died during the evacuation of Neuengamme and its Aussenkommandos. Many prisoners attempted to acquire food illegally, and others managed to survive through food packages from relatives and the Red Cross. Several concentration camps had by then been liberated, and he must have been bracing himself for the worst. 4. Several armaments companies, including Messap, Jastram, Walter-Werke and the SS-owned Deutsche Ausrstungswerke (DAW), established facilities inside the Neuengamme concentration camp following negotiations with the Nazi regime. Death Register - kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de In 1944, SS physician Kurt Heissmayer conducted experiments to develop drugs to combat tuberculosis; his subjects were 20 Jewish children transferred from Auschwitz to Neuengamme for this purpose. . In March 1943, Lager Norderney with its Russian and Polish POWs and Lager Sylt and its Jews, were placed under the control of the SS Hauptsturmfhrer (an SS rank equivalent to captain) Max List. neuengamme @ gedenkstaetten.hamburg.de. He was 19. Legal status: I have been studying war atrocities, especially the Holocaust (HaShoah) for over fifty years and I am still disturbed by such horror. Lager Helgoland was filled with Russian OT workers. The 14 accused were charged with committing a war crime. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 As he was inspecting barracks, two persons appeared. Neuengamme was a network of Nazi concentration camps in Northern Germany that consisted of the main camp, Neuengamme, and more than 85 satellite camps. Neuengamme Concentration camp located right outside Hamburg, Germany. Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial Tours and Activities - Expedia He found the camp completely empty, with a civilian policeman guarding the entrance. These men were former commandant Max Pauly, SS Dr. Bruno Kitt, Anton Thumann, Johann Reese, Willy Warnke, SS Dr. Alfred Trzebinski, Heinrich Ruge, Wilhem Bahr, Andreas Brems, Wilhelm Dreimann, and Adolf Speck. In this rural quarter, part of the Vierlande, the population in 2020 was 3,711. Inmates were forced to excavate the heavy, peaty soil with inadequate tools, regardless of weather conditions or the state of their health. When Weiss returned to Dachau in late summer 1942, SS Lieutenant Colonel Max Pauly became commandant, a position he held until the liberation of the camp in 1945. After 1943, some prisoners received civilian clothes from supplies plundered from Jews killed in German-occupied Poland and the German-occupied Soviet Union. He kept sickness and mortality records, which he later managed to smuggle back into Neuengamme, hidden in [his] rectum. and above all: the camp leaders complete incompetence and lack of respect for the most elementary human necessities and conditions of life (WO 309/790). Thank you for bringing out into the open. After reading such evidence over many years I cannot understand why any individual carried out such crimes against humanity. [17], In the first post-war months, the camp was used as a Soviet displaced persons camp, with German POWs held separately. I wanted to go to the Neuengamme concentration camp, but the instructions Google gave me to get to it without a car were a bit weird. The SS commandant (German: Lagerfhrer) was in charge of the entire Neuengamme concentration camp network. Parts of this complex served as a concentration camp for communists, opponents of the regime and many other groups. I thank the author of this blog for providing the research. Intellectual activities as well as the rare opportunities for cultural activities like drawing, woodcarving, talking about literature, and reciting poetry or songs helped them maintain their will to survive. Thank you. He had gone to another town to find food and when the Germans rounded up all the men was told that he didnt need to go as he was only a visitor. A new museum was opened in 2005. Future generations must know about these places, the events, and what took place. According to the testimony of Wilhelm Bahr, an ex-medical orderly, during the trial against Bruno Tesch, 200 Russian prisoners of war were gassed by prussic acid in 1942. In 1944, breakfast consisted of 1/3-1/4 litre of ersatz coffee or thin soup and just below 110g of bread (1/14 loaf of bread of 1,500g). I am writing a book about this camp and also about the tragic S.S. St. Louis. . ), hard labour (. Lunch was 1.5 litres of watery soup. Hamburg: City & Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial Tour Eleven of the accused were sentenced to death by hanging, the other three to long prison sentences. Due to the clearing of the Neuengamme camp and the destruction of its records by the SS and the transportation of inmates to other subcamps or other working locations in 1945, the historical work is difficult and ongoing. In which now gladly I believe is the case. After the war, traces of the atrocities that had taken place at the Neuengamme concentration camp were thoroughly erased. Plenty of information boards and guided tours will make your visit to Neuengamme Memorial as informative as possible. Really disturbing that man could be so very cruel to another man, especially to helpless children who had done nothing wrong and could not do anything to help themselves.
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