How do you measure coordination? Individuals will benefit from being able to link their efforts and contributions to the team. Improving Joint Interagency Coordination: Changing Mindsets Doctrine is seen as critical to DOD but not to State. In addition, USAFRICOM staff had limited knowledge about working with U.S. embassies and about cultural issues in Africa, which has resulted in some cultural missteps.20, U.S. Southern Command, on the other hand, was viewed as having mature joint interagency processes and coordinating mechanisms,21 but GAO was still critical of the commands handling of its logistical support to the 2010 Haiti earthquake disaster relief effort and the commands underlying joint interagency planning and staffing processes.22 The U.S. Agency for International Development expressed similar disappointment in its after-action review of that same relief effort, commenting that, in effect, the military commanders on the ground were not adequately educated on the humanitarian assistance/disaster relief operations.23. //--> How can we compare joint interagency activities across the DOD enterprise using metrics defined within our own combatant command? (Washington, DC: The Joint Staff, November 8, 2010), 159. Wicked problems are almost impossible to solve. Tactical level Operational level Strategic level Consolidated level. These changes to our joint interagency teams would involve a mental shift in the way they (and others) evaluate their performance through meaningful performance measures. With measures in place and teams properly aligned, the Nations leaders, civilian and military, can begin an informed dialogue about how to potentially assess and benchmark team performance that cuts across and transcends geographies, jurisdictions, and commands. Where DOD is focused on discrete events and activities with plans, objectives, courses of action, and endstates, State is focused on ongoing processes without expectation of an endstate.25 DOD views plans and planning as a core activity, yet State views a plan in general terms to achieve objectives but values flexibility and innovation.26 Is it any wonder, then, that most Foreign Service Officers spend the majority of their time engaging their host-nation equivalents, not directing actions along a line of subordinates?27, If we are to become more effective with joint interagency coordination, DOD must understand and appreciate the value that joint interagency partners bring to the fight. Provides commanders with an increased capability to coordinate with other U.S. Government, 77. 2) The relevance of the interagency process at the _____ to the Combatant Commander and the U.S. military is that the process yields America's national security policy decisions. This review offers the company an external, independent look at a part of its operations and usually motivates it to improve upon key aspects of its business. These measures must gauge not only whether we are doing things right, but also whether we are doing the right things. 78. Despite some rare successes in interagency work between the Department of Defense (DOD) and other partners in the past 20 years, successful interagency Unlike DOD, State does not see training as a major activity or as important for either units or individuals. var addy87859 = 'centrealmouna' + '@'; We do not sell or share your info. Crew of Coast Guard Cutter Stratton stands by to offload 34 metric tons of cocaine in San Diego, California, August 2015 (U.S. Coast Guard/Patrick Kelley). History of the Interagency Process for Foreign purpose of the interagency process is to advance the Presidents policy priorities and, more generally, to serve the national in terest by ensuring all USG The interaction that occurs between agencies of the US Government, including the Department of. To answer this question, the team should understand the areas of performance that it can influence within its structure and mission by conducting a team assessment of where it stands and where it needs to go. driving up their costs, cutting their profits, raising their risk of prosecution and incarceration, and forcing them to divert their trade to less costly destinations . This initial and subjective team assessment sets a baseline for where to improve team performance. For example, are there some measures that should be candidates for comparison across combatant commands, despite their differences in mission, climate, geography, the type of interagency supported historically provided, and so forth? Promouvoir une culture de la paix. SEJPME Mod 3- Interagency Coordination Post Test Flashcards INSS Strategic Perspectives 5 (Washington, DC: NDU Press, June 2011), 76. Affairs of State: The Interagency and National Security The questions surrounding measurement of joint interagency teams, however, are initially daunting: How do you measure teamwork? The measures developed for joint interagency teams can be a critical component of a leaders evaluation of how joint interagency teams are supporting their customers. One technique borrowed from the business sector that is worth a brief mention is the power of comparing similar activities (in this case, joint interagency coordination) across geographies (that is, U.S. Southern Command, U.S. European Command, U.S. Central Command) or even comparing similar functions (that is, theater security cooperation activities). Demystifying Explaining - The Simons Center DOD is uncomfortable with ambiguity, but State can deal with it. 2) The relevance of the interagency process at the _____ to the Combatant Commander and the U.S. military is that the process Similarly, in reviewing interagency teams or environments that were not successful, it can be argued there were negative indicators assessed within these same areas. Initially, it had no money, no equipment, and no training.13 But during the first 2 years of operation, the task force was able to obtain adequate funding, secure and execute critical training contracts, obtain weapons (mostly donated from other countries), and overcome anti-U.S. sentiment against the program at home and abroad. WebThe relevance of the interagency process at the to. Using this internal assessment, they can see how their company performance stacks up against other similar companies in the same industry. The work of joint interagency teams could and should be measured primarily in how they produce advice, conduct coordination, and, in some cases, lead the combined U.S. Government response to planned or unplanned events around the world in support of national interests and as directed by senior diplomatic or military leadership. Should we compare our joint interagency efforts to other similar organizations or functions in other combatant commands? All of these leaders are charged with the responsibility to support their organizational or enterprise mission and track progress toward goals and objectives on a regular basis. Definition. interagency, the process that makes the development and implementation of policy and strategy possible in a pluralistic decisionmaking system. U.S. military is that the process yields Americas major national security policy decisions. In reviewing the examples of the Bosnian train and equip program and JIATF-South, Dr. Lamb writes that both interagency teams were successful because they exhibited 10 positive determinants of effectiveness within 3 broad performance areas: organizational (purpose, empowerment, and support), team (structure, decisionmaking, culture, and learning), and individual (composition, rewards, and leadership).24 A successful team will generally have positive indicators within these areas. Way to Write Managements Goals and Objectives,, Beyond Performance Management: Why, When, and How to Use 40 Tools and Best Practices for Superior Business Performance. At the outset, the task force faced significant challenges. Any joint interagency team members can take the measures they have adopted to help them channel their individual and collective energies toward more productive activity. addy87859 = addy87859 + 'yahoo' + '.' + 'fr'; Commanders Handbook for the Joint Interagency Coordination Group. Only a few driverswill be trying to use the gas pedal to get things done. SEJPME_US002-03 Joint Force Leadership Post-Test.docx. An interagency task force that drew its ranks initially from DOD, the Department of State, and the Central Intelligence Agency was created to oversee the program. Former la prvention et la rsolution des conflits. In the last 25 years, the U.S. experience with joint interagency coordination has evolved, spurred by our military interventions in Panama (19891990), Somalia (19921994), and Haiti (19941995).5 Reflecting on those interventions, President Bill Clinton issued Presidential Decision Directive 56, Managing Complex Contingency Operations, in May 1997, which established standardized processes and structures relating to joint interagency coordination.6 However, a report reviewing the directive criticized the joint interagency environment, citing a continuing lack of a decisive authority and . Another key publication that continued the evolution of joint interagency coordination was Joint Publication (JP) 3-08, Interorganizational Coordination During Joint Operations,10 which established guidance within DOD on the structures and processes in place to support joint interagency coordination, including key U.S. Government agency responsibilities and lead designations for different types of military and nonmilitary interventions. Why do some interagency teams succeed while others struggle? This preview shows page 10 - 13 out of 27 pages. Which of the following options represent the Statutory Advisors of the National Security Council? Its mission is to conduct interagency and international detection and monitoring operations, and the interdiction of illicit trafficking and other narco-terrorist threats in support of national and partner nation security.16 Since its latest formation in 2003, when it combined with another task force (JIATF-East), the teams composition has reflected a diverse body of team members including all branches of the U.S. military, U.S. Coast Guard, Drug Enforcement Administration, Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Security Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, and U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Assessment of Benchmarking within Government Organizations, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. document.getElementById('cloak87859').innerHTML = ''; Congress funded the Bosnian train and equip program following the Bosnian war and the 1995 signing of the Dayton Peace Accords.12 The objective of the program was to provide the Bosnian Federation military force with training, weapons, and other types of equipment to build up their capability to defend themselves against the neighboring Serbian military. The new Off-Canvas sidebar is designed for multi-purposes. benchmarking helps organizations [to] identify standards of performance in other organizations and to import them successfully to their own. , GAO-10-962T (Washington, DC: GAO, July 2010). Second, the team should identify a set of a few critical measures (57 MOPs or MOEs within the table) across organization, team, and individual areas. . - True. Ambassador Neumann was Ambassador to Algeria, Bahrain, and Afghanistan as well as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for the Middle East and a senior officer in Iraq. These groups may run the risk of groupthink that produces a situation where disagreement and differences are not tolerated.32 Some basic team tasks, such as enforcing ground rules and team norms, may not be accomplished. The process recognizes that everything is connected and achieving any one goal depends on making progress towards all others.41. MOPs are defined as criteria used to assess friendly actions tied to measuring task accomplishment.35 Taken together, these measures can inform and drive team performance if built and regularly reported on. Christopher M. Schnaubelt, Complex Operations and Interagency Operational Art,. Demystifying the Interagency Process and Explainingthe Ambassadors Role U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), Interagency Collaboration Practices and Challenges at DODs Southern and Africa Commands. Promotion des artistes tchadiens et aide pour leur professionnalisation. In fact, there is not one process but manyformal, informal, and personal. That person is also responsible for helping to define where the team wants to go with that area of performance. Group members who assume the role of leader are likely to be untrained in group leadership and consequently may not understand group dynamics and how to manage group leadership tasks. Quizlet As such, the measure will have some clear thresholds of what determines underperforming, performing, or overperforming. What measures are needed? There are many forms of joint interagency team constructs within the U.S. Government. President, Vice President, Secretary of State, and Security of Defense, Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of Homeland Security, Chief of Staff to the President, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Director of National, Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Director of National Intelligence. the contrasting approaches and institutional cultures.7 Later, with our involvement in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, President George W. Bush promulgated national-level guidance relating to joint interagency coordination on December 7, 2005: National Security Presidential Directive 44, Management of Joint Interagency Efforts Concerning Reconstruction and Stability.8 The directive expanded the need for joint interagency coordination across the spectrum of conflict: complex contingencies, peacekeeping, failed and failing states, political transitions, and other military interventions.9. The relevance of the interagency process at the Fort Lesley J. McNair Both are important types of measures for the purposes of driving joint interagency team behavior and performance. Ultimately, Dr. Lamb surmised, the train and equip program rectified the military imbalance between Bosnian Serb and Federation forces, reassuring the Bosnians and sobering the Serbs,14 and it facilitated the integrated approach the United States pursued in Bosnia, proving remarkably adept at implementing its controversial security assistance program.15, Another example of interagency success is Joint Interagency Task ForceSouth (JIATF-South), headquartered in Key West, Florida. Web27) The relevance of the interagency process at the strategic level to the combatant commander and the U.S. military is that the process yields America's major national security policy decisions. So how has joint interagency work evolved and progressed (or not) over the years, and what lessons can help us make better use of these unique organizations? False. Full article: The facilitators of interagency working in the [U.S. Government] agencies may have different organizational cultures and, in some cases, conflicting goals, policies, procedures, and decision-making techniques and processes.28 Because of the cultural and ideological differences between DOD and non-DOD participants, the level of commitment exhibited by members of this joint interagency team may vary tremendously, which will prevent or impede the teams ability to become a high performance group.29, Joint interagency teams can organize themselves in many ways to accomplish their mission. 76. It is during this period of recent history, and with the backdrop of these supporting directives and policies, that we can point to some rare but relevant success stories with joint interagency work, despite organizational and cultural obstacles. We cannot solve or attempt to solve these wicked problems without the expertise and skills of those drawn from all of our instruments of national power (diplomatic, information, military, and economic, or DIME),4 including those from outside the government sector (contractors, academicians, not-for-profit agencies, corporations, and so forth). Christopher J. Lamb with Sarah Arkin and Sally Scudder, The Bosnian Train and Equip Program: A Lesson in Interagency Integration of Hard and Soft Power. . Two indicators of interagency team success or failure that deserve additional enquiry relate to the teams culture and structure. There is no such thing. (Washington, DC: The Joint Staff, August 11, 2011), VII. This is done through three simple steps. This process is called benchmarking, which can be defined as: a standard of performance . This should be a subject of hearty discourse and heated debatean agenda item that may be best planned as a singularly focused offsite retreat. Cette adresse e-mail est protge contre les robots spammeurs. The United States will continue to be called upon to support its allies and fight its enemies across a broad spectrum of conflict. There are a greatnumber of actors in this process, too many for any sort of effectiveness. Through the adoption of a performance framework and supporting measures, teams can channel their energies, talents, and resources to support the leaders entrusted to represent national interests overseas. 83. Characteristics of the Process One great obstacle to understanding the interagency process is the tendency, particularly in the U.S. military, to refer to the Contribuer au dvloppement et l'panouissement intgral de l'Homme et de meilleures rlations entre Tchadiens.Il organise et accueille rgulirement des colloques et confrences sur des thmes relatifs la socit tchadienne.Al Mouna est donc une institution qui veut faire la promotion de la culture tchadienne dans toute sa diversit promotion de la culture traditionnelle avec des recherches sur les ethnies tchadiennes, une aide aux groupes voulant se structurer pour prserver leur hritage culturel. For example, one teams members might review the framework and self-assess that while they generally are doing fine in the areas of composition, decisionmaking, and leadership, they believe that they could do better in culture, structure, and empowerment. Measures will give the team focus, direction, and added meaning as team members seek to support their command organization, whether it be a combatant command or some other joint activity. in History and M.A. Vous devez activer le JavaScript pour la visualiser. JFQ, National Defense University Joint interagency coordination cannot be described like the command and control relationships for a military operation. Many leading businesses, whether in the manufacturing, service, or retail industries, for example, regularly score their performance using industry standard measures. This book is the The Interagency Process and Its Importance in Securing . As Jeremy Hope and Steve Player write, Benchmarking is the practice of being humble enough to admit that others are better at something than you are and wise enough to learn how to match or even surpass them.40 Proponents of this benchmarking practice, on the other hand, argue that setting aspirational and directional goals can inspire and motivate teams. Strengthening the National Security Interagency Process Webmagnify the mass, relevance, impact, and irresistibility of power. Etre un lieu d'accueil, de dialogue et de rencontres entre les diverses composantes de la socit tchadienne. The military typically refers to measures of effectiveness (MOEs) and measures of performance (MOPs). in Political Science from the University of California at Riverside. 79. Al Mouna est aussi un centre de dialogue interreligieux, un lieu de formation en langues et un lieu de promotion du bilinguisme. " In the table, the first column includes the 10 Postulated Determinants of Effectiveness that serve as an overall performance framework through which to measure level of joint interagency success; the second column specifies the Supporting Measures. Typically, as the wicked problem gets analyzed, it morphs into a new or different set of problems.1 In short, those holding opposing viewpoints would (and should) approach these problems from different biases, perspectives, and experiences in order to create a shared understanding of the problem[s],2 especially when they cannot be solved by traditional processes.3 Thus, the U.S. militarys opportunities to work more closely with its non-DOD (that is, interagency) partners have never been more relevant and timely. JP 3-08 also formalized a joint interagency team structure that U.S. Central Command had created years earlier: the Joint Interagency Coordination Group. The team may choose the ones offered in the table or create others more appropriate, adhering to the principle of definition that each measure be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely.37 Third, each measure must be selected with the endstate of improving joint interagency team results. Introducing these critical few measures would help channel discussion, focus, and overall results. The relevance of the interagency process at the For example, there are multiple stakeholders whose interests are linked to the problem(s). But these measures by themselves are of limited value if they are not put in the broader context of how similar joint interagency activities are performing across the combatant commands, since each of these commands competes for funding and resources. Everyone wants a hand on the steering wheel, and most want a foot on the break,which is to say they insist their group must concur in order for action to happen. At the discretion of the President and Congress, we have responded to many of these events by typically leveraging our military resources through any one of the unified combatant commands. By doing so, the teams could leverage the combined talents and resources from capabilities across government, the nonprofit sector, academia, and even the business sector. Webinteragency process. MOEs are defined as criteria used to assess changes in system behavior, capability, or operational environment that are tied to measuring the attainment of an endstate, achievement of an objective, or creation of an effect. Site web: www.centrealmouna.org. WebA focus on integrated interagency working is often accompanied by a shift in emphasis away from a top-down approach to supporting families towards a bottom-up approach, to Army and Air National Guardsmen carefully exit helicopter pad during PATRIOT Exercise 2015 at Mile Bluff Medical Center in Mauston, Wisconsin, July 2015 (U.S. Air National Guard/Paul Mann). document.getElementById('cloak87859').innerHTML += '' +addy87859+'<\/a>'; How can performance measures really gauge how well team members cooperate or how well they provide outstanding staff support to their command or joint activity? It guides the ways the state deploys and embryonic interagency process during World War II. . Which organization is the principle policy-making forum responsible for the nations security, 82. WebTrue False. erorganizational Coordination During Joint Operations. SEJPME Module 4 Pretest Joint Guide for Interagency Doctrine - Joint Chiefs of Webwork for an interagency process. Membership in the interagency process is flexible depending on the issue at hand, Demystifying the Interagency Process and Explaining the Ambassadors Role PDF. var path = 'hr' + 'ef' + '='; This column is a collection of example performance measures (a combination of MOEs and MOPs). CHAPTER 1 UNDERSTANDING THE Joint interagency teams, therefore, should be increasingly viewed as attractive forums and vehicles to leverage our combined national power in support of U.S. interests, at home and abroad. This article examines the recent history of joint interagency coordination, discusses some of the key cultural and organizational impediments facing these teams, and introduces a set of performance measures for immediate use across these commands. Regardless of where they are and whom they support, these teams operate within an enterprise, driven by either senior military or civilian leadership. But these teams will continue to be hamstrung by cultural clashes and structural challenges unless changes are put in place to properly structure and support these teams. Sign up to receive updates by email. With adopted measures in place, joint interagency teams are better able to chart a course of improvement by understanding where they are (baseline) and where they need to go (endstate). The team should then assign someone to be responsible for collecting the data and tracking and reporting the teams progress against each agreed MOP and MOE. The point is that the team determines which measures are right for it and charts a path forward on how to achieve success in these measures. But these measures will not only drive performance and results within each joint interagency team; this new model or framework with its supporting measures also has the opportunity to influence and inform the most senior levels of military leadership. U.S. Southern Command Demonstrates Interagency Collaboration, but Its Haiti Disaster Response Revealed Challenges Conducting a Large Military Operation. The more familiar ones may be found within unified combatant commands or even at Embassies, but there are others. Provides commanders with an increased capability to coordinate with other U.S. Government agencies? var prefix = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to'; Facilitating Challenging Groups: Leaderless, Open, and Single Session Groups, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. It has proven sufficiently flexible to meet successfully the twin challenges of the postwar period: WebGet Involved Today. Can We Ensure We Replicate Inter-agency Processes During Large-scale Exercises? unpublished paper, Joint Forces Staff College, April 2013. These ways embrace the arts of war, espionage, a) True b) False 76. Finally, team meetings may lack structure, focus, or direction.33. WebThe relevance of the interagency process at the _____ to the Combatant Commander and the U.S. military is that the process yields America's major national security policy situation, as well as the common objectives required to resolve the situation? For example, two combatant commands were the subject of a 2010 review by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO).18 In its report, GAO cited that U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM) demonstrated some practices that sustain collaboration, but areas for improvement remained19 in key staff work associated with linking geographic combatant command theater security cooperation plans to country and Embassy strategic plans. Web2) The relevance of the interagency process at the _____ to the Combatant Commander and the U.S. military is that the process yields America's national security policy decisions. These teams may ultimately report to four-star generals, Federal agency administrators, governmental senior executives, or even specially appointed directors with quasi-governmental jurisdiction and powers. George T. Doran, Theres a S.M.A.R.T. Cabinet departments,agencies, divisions, and services will all want to play in any discussion that somehow touches ontheir interests. For example, a manufacturing company may have as one of its key measures or metrics a need to capture purchase order cycle time. This would be a metric that would be regularly updated, reported on, and assessed relative to how other companies were performing in this same metric. This article is designed to be an introduction to the interagency process and its application inthe field for those unfamiliar with the subject. Increasingly, these manmade and natural conflicts and disasters create a new and much more complicated set of challengesthat is, wicked problemsfor our military planners. Strategic level 3) To accomplish U.S. objectives, the national security strategy guides the coordination of the instruments of national power which include _____. Donald A. Ziolkowski, Whole of Government Approaches: How Can We Capitalize on the Experience of Our Reserve Forces in Order to Ensure a Whole of Government Approach to Unfolding Crises?
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