Its art gallery is highlighted by works of the Flemish, Italian and Spanish schools. It was built by the Marqus de Salar, great-grandson of both Hernn Prez del Pulgar (known by the name of El de la Hazaas [The One of the Valiant Deeds]) and Gonzalo Fernndez de Crdoba (El Gran Capitn [The Great Captain]), Captain-General of the Castilian-Aragonese forces that concluded the Reconquest of the peninsula. [45] Some smaller examples of Nasrid palace architecture in the city have survived in the Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo (late 13th century) and the Dar al-Horra (15th century). 3 of the province, whose demarcation includes the city and 49 towns, some of them very populated, in the metropolitan area region. Granada, city, capital of Granada provincia (province) in the comunidad autnoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain. [89], The complex was begun in 1238 by MuhammadI Ibn al-Ahmar, the first Nasrid emir, on the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of vizier Samuel ibn Naghrillah. The expelled population was redistributed to other cities throughout the Crown of Castile. There is also bus transportation to and from the airport with the company Alsa. What is Granada Most Famous For? Granada is famous for its many magnificent palaces, castles and fortresses In which, there are two architectural masterpieces: The Alhambra a palace and fortress complex and the town of Albaicin (Albayzn) which have been recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. [111], Hans Memling Diptych of Granada, left wing: Acceptance of the Cross, h. 1475, Juan de Flandes Birth of Christ, 14351438, Sandro Botticelli Prayer of the Garden, 14981500, The historic neighbourhood, located on the hillsides north of the Alhambra, still retains much of its medieval street plan dating back to the Nasrid period, although it has undergone physical and demographic changes since then. Some of these houses and mansions, such as Casa de Zafra and the Dar al-Horra, date back to the Nasrid period. The dome that covers this area is decorated with frescoes by the Crdoba artist Antonio Palomino (18th century) representing the triumph of the Church Militant, faith, and religious life. Granada has a wide network of taxis to help travellers reach their destinations. [100], In the 18th century the Alhambra fell into severe neglect and parts of it were demolished by French troops in 1812. The Alhambra is situated in a locale of rare natural beauty. What Food Is Granada Famous For? - ArthurHenrys There are also five adult education centers. The mix of old and new is what makes this such a dynamic city. [22], The word Grnata (or Karnata) possibly meant "hill of strangers". Address: Calle Gran Va de Coln, 5. Built in several stages, the continuing evolution of its design joined Gothic construction and decoration with Renaissance ideals, as seen in the tombs and the 17th and 18th century Granadan art in the Chapel of Santa Cruz. [g] The vast majority of the city's remaining mosques were subsequently converted into churches during and after the mass conversions of 1500. Therefore, reserve at least a full day to take a tour and visit the main one of Granada's tourist attractions, the Alhambra. When the Moors came here, the town was largely inhabited by Jews, for which they called it Garnat-al-Yahud - Granada of the Jews. Eating Out in Granada - Food, Cuisine and Gastronomy of Granada Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of four rivers, the Darro, the Genil, the Monachil and the Beiro. There is a provincial delegation from each of the governmental departments to the Junta de Andaluca, coordinated by a government delegate under the Ministry of the Interior. . The Sacromonte neighbourhood is located on the Valparaso hill, one of several hills that make up Granada. The earliest Arabic historical sources mention that a town named Qashtliya, later known as Madnat Ilbra (Elvira), was located on the southern slopes of the Sierra de Elvira mountains (near present-day Atarfe) and became the most important settlement in the area. Flamenco Lesson in the Sacromonte. Granada's famous sundial: Many people know that the Alhambra was built as a fortress and was later used as a residence for the Nasrid royal dynasty. Official Granada taxis are white with a green stripe. The daily citizen security is in charge of the State and local Security Forces and Bodies (Spain) according to the powers that each estate has, trying to act in a coordinated and collaborative way in the prosecution and resolution of all types of crimes that produce the citizens. [42][43] The city itself expanded and new neighbourhoods grew around the Albaicn (named after refugees from Baeza) and in Antequeruela (named after refugees from Antequera after 1410). This group became an important contingent in the army of Abd al-Malik al-Muaffar, the prime minister of Caliph Hisham II (r. 9761009) and successor to Ibn Abi Amir al-Mansur (Almanzor) as de facto ruler of the Caliphate of Crdoba. Civil-Criminal Chamber. The palace is now the museum of perfumes El Patio de los Perfumes, with 1,500 square metres (16,000sqft) of floor space on two floors and 130 square metres (1,400sqft) of patio to relax surrounded by flowers and perfumes. This is an old monastery started in a late Gothic style with Baroque exuberant interior decorations. In 1706 Francisco de Hurtado Izquierdo and later his collaborator Jos Bada built the current tabernacle of the cathedral. [122][123] As a result, many of the remaining Christian residents expanded their residences to form carmens, traditional semi-rural houses with gardens or orchards, many examples of which survive today. Granada has a very complete range of events: International Music and Dance Festival, International Jazz Festival, Granada Festival South Cinemas and International Tango Festival, among others. Five hundred years of history", "Iglesia de San Cristbal Agencia Albaicn", "Iglesia de San Miguel Bajo Agencia Albaicn", "Real Chancillera y Crcel Baja Agencia Albaicn", "The Al-Andalus legacy The Albaicn (History)", "Educational tours -culturals for the Albayzn", "GRANADA MONUMENTS & MUSEUMS: INFORMATION, OPENING TIMES & PRICES", "Hospital San Juan de Dios | San Juan de Dios, Granada", "Casa del Castril - Official Andalusia tourism website", "Flamenco Los Olvidados | Granada, Spain Entertainment", "Francisco Cuenca (PSOE), nuevo alcalde de Granada con el apoyo de Unidas Podemos y Cs", "Luis Salvador, de Ciudadanos, nuevo alcalde de Granada en minora absoluta", "INICIO | Dop Vinos de Granada | Consejo Regulador (Fuentevaqueros)", "Granada Public Transportation Statistics", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, "Santa Cruz, lvaro de Bazan, 1st Marquis of", "Martnez de la Rosa, Francisco de Paula", "Luis Garca Montero Los cien granadinos del siglo XX", "Facultad de Traduccin e Interpretacin > Pilar Ramrez Tello", "CIUDADES CON LAS QUE EST HERMANADA GRANADA", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granada&oldid=1167450943, People younger than 20 years old are 19% of the total population, People between 20 and 40 years old are 23%, People between 40 and 60 years old are 29%, Church of San Salvador (16th-century church, including remains of 13th-century mosque). The plateau upon which it was built overlooks the Albaicn (Albayzin) quarter of Granada's Moorish old city. Both populations of converts were subject to persecution, execution, or exile, and each had cells that practiced their original religion in secrecy (the so-called marranos in the case of the conversos accused of the charge of crypto-Judaism). The Silla del Moro viewpoint. The origin of the name of Granada - Legends of Granada - iNMSOL [7] Integrated within the European mercantile network, the ports of the kingdom fostered intense trading relations with the Genoese, but also with the Catalans, and to a lesser extent, with the Venetians, the Florentines, and the Portuguese. Granada Cathedral. Frost is common as temperatures usually reach below-freezing in the early morning. 2. Grenada is filled with amazing beaches, and one of the most popular is Grand Anse Beach. Within census records, you can . 14 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Granada | PlanetWare The gastronomy of Granada is part of the Arabic-Andalusian cuisine tradition, with a strong Arab and Jewish heritage, which is reflected in its condiments and spices, such as cumin, coriander, nutmeg, cinnamon, raisins, almonds or honey. Granada - Wikipedia [42] A new set of walls was constructed further north during the 13th14th centuries, with Bab Ilbirah (present-day Puerta de Elvira) as its western entrance. 3. The rebellion lasted until 1500 in Granada and continued until 1501 in the Alpujarras. The facilities also include a museum, which houses the works acquired by the Foundation.[126]. Spanish place name. [39] Granada thereafter became a tributary state to the Kingdom of Castile, although this was often interrupted by wars between the two states. Its public health system is the exclusive competence of the autonomous community, which provides two types of attention: primary, which constitutes the first level of access to the system; and the specialized one. Of particular note is the imposing Main Chapel. Granada is famous for many things, such as its stunning architecture, its vibrant nightlife, its delicious tapas, and its unique festivals. In it are buried the Catholic Monarchs, their daughter Joanna of Castile (Juana la Loca) and her husband Felipe I (Felipe el Hermoso). How did Granada get its name? The mosque now serves about 500 people.[129]. A lunch special of grilled fish and sides in Grenada. This move, along with the progressive erosion of other guarantees provided by the surrender treaty, raised tensions and fears within the remaining Muslim community during the 1490s. The Monastery suffered heavy damage during the Peninsular War and lost considerable property in 1837 as a result of the confiscations of Mendizbal. Grenada, byname Isle of Spice, island country of the West Indies. Among the stews and potajes, the pot of San Antn stands out, which is eaten mainly towards the second half of January; cabbage stew, which combines vegetables and legumes; the stew of green beans and fennel; The thistle and pumpkin casserole, with noodles and aromatic herbs, or gypsy pottery are other dishes of the land. Luis Salvador, leader of Citizens, became mayor with support from the PP and Vox.[135]. The zone is a protected cultural environment under the auspices of the Centro de Interpretacin del Sacromonte, a cultural center dedicated to the preservation of Gitano cultural forms. "Bar hopping" (Ir de tapas) and eating tapas in the time between finishing work and having dinner is a deeply rooted traditional activity among the people of Granada. [76], The city of Granada sits on the Vega de Granada, one of the depressions or plains located within the Baetic mountain ranges, continued to the west by those of Archidona and Antequera and to the East by those of Guadix, Baza and Huscar.[79]. It usually contains potatoes, fried eggs, cured ham, blood sausage (morcilla), sweet peppers and chorizo. Here is a list of the 7 most popular places. Under Badis, he even took charge of the army. [128], The Mosque of Granada was inaugurated in 2003 on the summit of the neighborhood of Albayzin. The 1492 capitulation of the Kingdom of Granada to the Catholic Monarchs is one of the most significant events in Granada's history. Arab sources such as al-Idrisi consider him to be the founder of the city of Granada. It is one of the most famous monuments of Islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic Islamic world, in addition to containing notable examples of Spanish Renaissance architecture. Throughout the year several parties are held on significant dates for religious, civil or cultural reasons. Granada Base Area", "Valores climatolgicos normales. Fountains, viewpoints and "Crmenes", houses surrounded by typical gardens of this city, create unforgettable corners in the city. Only the mosque's, One early example is the conversion of the "Almoravid Mosque" (, Hierro Calleja, Rafael Granada y La Alhambra (The Sacromonte. Alhambra Palace Walls. The presbytery is covered by elliptical vaulting. [112] Archeological evidence indicates that Iberians inhabited the main hill of the present-day Albaicin towards the 7th centuryBC and that a significant town was located here during the Roman period. 26 December 2022 A city in southern Spain with grand Islamic architecture, free tapas, counterculture street art and a beer spa, Granada surprises and delights visitors. The headquarters of the Superior Court of Justice of Andalusia, Ceuta and Melilla is in Granada, located in Plaza Nueva, in the building of the historic Royal Chancery, as well as the Superior Prosecutor's Office of Andalusia, located in the building of the Bank of Spain. What is Granada famous for? However, Egas was relieved by the Catholic hierarchy in 1529, and the continuation of the work was assigned to Diego Siloe, who built upon the example of his predecessor, but changed the approach towards a fully Renaissance aesthetic.[109]. Repoblacin e inmigracin", "Evolucin sociodemogrfica del Reino de Granada en el siglo XVII: el caso de la parroquia de Santa Ana de Guadix", "Spanish Civil War | Definition, Causes, Summary, & Facts | Britannica", "Valores climatolgicos normales. In addition, Granada also attracts visitors by the unique cultural . 18,455 people living in the municipality of Granada in 2021 were of foreign nationality, which represents 7.95% of total population, rate lower than the national average. Overlooking the Alhambra, Sacromonte is Granada's gypsy quarter and is famous for its flamenco venues. [121], During the 16th century the most of the city's morisco population was concentrated in the Albaicn, but after the 1568 rebellion and their subsequent expulsion, the district was depopulated. Superior Court of Justice: President. The mosque was built near the Church of San Salvador and the Church of San Nicols. The fertile soil of the Vega, apt for agriculture, is irrigated by the water streams originated in Sierra Nevada, as well as minor secondary ranges, all drained by the catchment basin of the Genil River,[80] that cuts across the city centre following an east to west direction. And, tapas, pastries, drinks, and dancing are always a great way to cap off a day. For this reason, the Social Welfare Delegation of the City of Granada has several municipal community social services centers, one for each local district, coordinated by Los Mondragones Municipal Administration located on the Fuerzas Armadas Avenue. [20][21] The toponym definitely existed prior to the Zirid period in the 11th century. With the Reconquista in full swing, the Christian kingdoms of Castile and Aragon under kings Ferdinand III and James I, respectively made major conquests across al-Andalus. Video report by Granada Reports journalist Paul Crone. Read the aformentioned article in order to find out. Samuel ibn Nagrilla, recognized by Sephardic Jews everywhere as the quasi-political ha-Nagid ('The Prince'), was king in all but name. Most importantly, it is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg and has been exporting this wonderful spice for decades. Health centers and offices constitute the offer of primary care, differing from each other in the level of care they provide. [35] Evidence from the artistic and archeological remains of this period suggest that the city thrived under the Almoravids but declined under the Almohads. [44] The city's heart was its Great Mosque (on the site of the present-day Granada Cathedral) and the commercial district known as the qaysariyya (the Alcaicera). [20], Granada's Town Council did not fully establish until almost nine years after the Castilian conquest,[63] upon the concession of the so-called 'Constitutive Charter' of the Ayuntamiento of Granada on 23 September 1500. It is therefore one of the destinations that receives more exchange students from the Erasmus Program13 and the fourth Spanish university in number of students, after the Complutense University of Madrid, and the University of Seville. Other sources claim that the name . Its construction began during the Spanish Renaissance in the early 16th century, shortly after the conquest of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs, who commissioned the works to Juan Gil de Hontan and Enrique Egas. It may have taken place in the former Roman town or it may have taken place somewhere in the surrounding region, which was known as Elvira. The Monachil, a left-bank tributary of the former, also passes through the city, discharging into the Genil to the west of the city centre. Must-Try Typical Food in Granada - Devour Granada - Spanish Sabores The coordination between the State security forces (National Police, Civil Guard, Local Police and Autonomous Police) and the City of Granada is carried out by the local Citizen Security Board. 12 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Granada Alhambra: A Masterpiece of Islamic Architecture. What makes him even more memorable is the fact that during the bloody Spanish civil war 1936-39 he was taken to a village near Granada and shot by a firing squad. This neighborhood is known as the old neighbourhood of the Romani, who settled in Granada after the conquest of the city. It has a Provincial Court, located in Corteza del Carmen Street, and is also head of the Judicial Party No. The area has a reputation as a major center of flamenco song and dance, including the Zambra Gitana, an Andalusian dance originating in the Middle East. The final expulsion of all moriscos from Castile and Aragon was carried out between 1609 and 1614. [107] Along with the Alhambra, the Generalife is a major tourist attraction and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984.[89]. Sanitary control of the environment: air pollution, water supply, sewage sanitation and urban and industrial waste. Granada's historical name in the Arabic language was (arna). [14][15] The University of Granada has an estimated 47,000 undergraduate students spread over five different campuses in the city. [99] Other notable Renaissance additions from the reign of CharlesV include the Emperor's Chambers and the Peinador de la Reina ('Queen's Robing Room'), which are connected to the former Nasrid Palaces. It is owned by the Hospital Order of San Juan de Dios. Even if the day was simply a stroll through the city, a long siesta, and people-watching, Granada, Spain has something to enchant everyone. Federico Garcia Lorca: Probably the most famous granadino is the well known playwright and author Garcia Lorca. The hospital activity is arranged with the Ministry of Health of the Junta de Andaluca. [7][12] It was connected to two smaller fortresses on the Sabika hill (site of the future Alhambra) and Mauror hill to the south. 18 Granada is a city in Andalusia, Spain, that has a rich and diverse history, culture, and cuisine. The initiative to build the monastery in that place was begun by Gonzalo Fernndez de Crdoba, known as El Gran Capitn. The interior of the church is simple and small but has numerous excellent works of art, which accentuate the size and rich carving of the Crucificado de Risueo, an object of devotion for the Romani people, who sing and dance in the procession of Holy Week. It is no surprise that one of its historic districts, Albaicn, is a World Heritage Site, together with the Alhambra and Generalife.It was an important cultural centre for many centuries, under both Islamic and Christian rulers, and still boasts an admirable . Through it one reaches a large courtyard, at the end which is a wide staircase leading to the entrance of the church. 3. This place is an architectural example of the classical Granada during the Renaissance transformation of the XVIth century. The courtyard, with galleries of arches on Doric order columns opening on it, is centered by a fountain. The city is full of history, culture and amazing food. In the municipal elections held in 2019 the constitution of the City Council was eleven councilors belonging to the Popular Party, eight to the Socialist Party, four belonging to Citizens Party, three to Vamos, Granada and one to the United Left-Socialist Alternative-For the People. These words are there to protect the monarch honoured in each courtyard. The main causes of the exodus towards the towns of the metropolitan area are, mainly, the difficulty of accessing a home in the capital because of the high prices it has and labor reasons, because in the towns of the periphery the majority are being located of industrial estates. [23]:41[24] Another meaning might be "hill of pilgrims". Here is a list of famous people from Grenada . [16][25][20] In 44BC Iliberis became a Roman colony and in 27BC it became a Roman municipium named Florentia Iliberritana ('Flourishing Iliberri'). It is the southernmost island of the north-south arc of the Lesser Antilles, lying in the eastern Caribbean Sea about 100 miles (160 km) north of the coast of Venezuela. Michael Parkinson, broadcaster and talkshow host, dies aged 88 [59] Responding to the rebellion of 1501, the Crown of Castile rescinded the Treaty of Granada,[60] and mandated that Granada's Muslims convert or emigrate. They even have their own Nutmeg Festival to celebrate its importance. Alhambra - Wikipedia [68] In December 1568, during a period of renewed persecution against moriscos, the Second Morisco Rebellion broke out in the Alpujarras. According to the municipal register of inhabitants, in 2021 the municipality of Granada had a population of 231,775 people, of whom 106,987 were men (46.15%) and 124,738 were women (53.85%). Its nearest airport is Federico Garca Lorca Granada-Jan Airport. Numerous grand buildings were built in the reign of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, so that the cathedral is contemporary to the Christian palace of the Alhambra, the University and the Real Chancillera (Supreme Court). Resident foreigners come from all continents, the most numerous being Moroccan (4,890), Chinese (1,047), Senegalese (947), Colombian (889), Italian (854), and Bolivian (763). Although it is not formally constituted as a political and administrative body, there are several public services that are combined. The spaces of the walls between the columns are perforated by a series of windows. 3. Albaicn and Mirador of San Nicolas. It underwent modifications and redecoration under multiple later Nasrid rulers. There are different tapas routes around the city. [103][104], The Generalife is a Nasrid-era country estate or summer palace located just east of the Alhambra, on a sloping site above it. [7][12] During the Nasrid period, the citadel was moved to the Alhambra and the old district became known as al-Bayyzn (Arabic: ), from which its present name derives. Aljojbanas, honey and cheese dumplings and some of the fritters called almohados, as well as fig bread, Moorish roscos and an almond cake called soy are all of Arabic heritage. Since the 90's, there has been a slight decrease in the population of Granada city, in favour of smaller towns in the metropolitan area. [16] This settlement became later known as Iliberri or Iliberis. Granada - Interesting Facts about Granada, Andalucia, Spain Traditional Grenadian Food: 21 Best Dishes and Drinks to Try in Grenada [107], The Generalife also underwent major alterations by Christian Spanish builders in the 16th century, which imparted Renaissance elements on the palace. As you'd expect, then, the city is packed with attractions and monuments to explore - from the great Alhambra fortress and old Moorish neighborhood of Albaicn, to amazing street art, great tapas bars and a joyful annual fiesta. [34], After Samuel's death, his son Joseph took over after his position but proved to lack his father's diplomacy, bringing on the 1066 Granada massacre,[33] which ended the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain. [66] For the rest of the 16th century the Granadan ruling oligarchy featured roughly a 40% of (Jewish) conversos and about a 31% of hidalgos. Concerts. [117][8] These new churches were often built in a mix of Mudjar and Renaissance styles, such as the Church of Santa Ana, the Church of San Cristbal, and the Church of San Miguel Bajo, among others. It may be a word of Oriental origin meaning great castle, for the Iberian, later Roman fortress which once stood on the Albaicin Hill. He is reputed to be one of the best writers this century. Visit Granada: the 7 most popular places you should consider This minaret is attributed to the 13th century by most sources, This mosque was converted in 1499 into the Church of San Salvador. [21] It probably first appeared in the 9th century[20] and it is found in Arabic sources from the 10th century. In Granada there is a wide program of leisure and entertainment, which covers a large number of fields, available to both visitors and citizens themselves. Most of the courts are located in two administrative buildings, in Plaza Nueva and Avenida del Sur. All of the greatest figures of eleventh-century Hispano-Jewish culture are associated with Granada. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of four rivers, the Darro, the Genil, the Monachil and the Beiro. The Hospital of San Rafael, has a hospitalization capacity of 190 beds and as a day hospital has 45 places of geriatrics and 15 of Alzheimer's. The church was conceived on the model of the Cathedral of Toledo, for what initially was a Gothic architectural project, as was customary in Spain in the early decades of the 16th century. [21][22], The region surrounding what today is Granada has been populated since at least 5500BC. Its hospital network is basically composed of public hospitals managed by the Andalusian Health Service and other smaller private management centers. 5 Tourist Attractions in Granada That Are Worth the Hype - Spanish Sabores The sound of strumming guitars may still be heard there in the performance of flamenco cantes and quejos, so that over time it has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in Granada. [50], Partly due to the heavy tributary payments to Castile, Granada's economy specialized in the trade of high-value goods. This would also mirror the etymology of the name of the Alhambra. [73] The city was overshadowed in importance by other cities including Seville and the capital, Madrid. Here is another cool thing to do in Granada: stop by the miradors and enjoy the views over the city and the Alhambra! Ham and beans, two products of the land, are combined in one of its most typical dishes, beans with ham; Other known dishes are the Sacromonte tortilla, which among other ingredients must have cooked brains and veal crustaillas, chopped and sauteed before mixing with the egg. This page was last edited on 27 July 2023, at 20:55. It is very close to the Alhambra, near the Serrallo Tunnels, being its previous location on the Avenue of the Armed Forces (Granada). The nearest civil airport is Federico Garca Lorca Airport, about 15km (9mi) west of Granada. Granada was the center of Jewish Sephardi culture and scholarship. The majority of the Granada's mudjares converted (becoming the so-called moriscos or Moorish) so that they could stay. 9% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. Construction of a light rail network, the Granada metro, began in 2007, but was greatly delayed by the Spanish economic crisis. [12][7] The city and its residences were supplied with water through an extensive network of underground cisterns and pipes. [7] In the late 9th century, during the reign of Abdallah (r. 844912), the city and its surrounding district were the site of conflict between muwallads (Muslim converts) who were loyal to the central government and Arabs, led by Sawwr ibn amdn, who resented them. In the 1990s, there was a heated debate pertaining to the design of the minaret. Confectionery is well represented in the gastronomy of Granada, for sweets prepared by the nuns can be purchased in the numerous convents of the city: the pestios of Vlez or those of the Encarnacin, the puff pastries of San Jernimo, the ovos moles of San Antn, the Zafra biscuit, sweet potato rolls, cocas, roscos from Santo Tomas and mantecados. Moroccan recruits caused the kingdom to undergo an intense . Texas had the highest population of Granada families in 1880. Provincial Court: President. The charterhouse was founded in 1506; construction started ten years later, and continued for the following 300 years. These flamenco shows, usually linked to restaurants, are one of the city's cultural attractions. The arrival of many inhabitants of the capital and other towns in the province, influences a large population growth. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Granada surname lived. Additional funding came from Malaysia, Morocco and the United Arab Emirates.
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