Maine's First Cable-Stayed Bridge Advancing Technology for Cable Durability By Thomas A. Doe, P.E., Christopher J. Burgess, P.E., S.E., Kaven Philbrook and Andrew Hauter The original Waldo-Hancock Bridge stood watch over the town of Bucksport, Maine for 74 years. Multiple-span cable-stayed bridges have two or more (usually equal) main spans. The FIGG team has studied, designed, or helped build 33 cable-stayed bridges with main span lengths up to 1,750' and is Engineer of Record on 9 cable-stayed bridges in the United States. Integrated Monitoring System for Carbon Composite Strands in Cable STRUCTURE magazine is the premier resource for practicing structural engineers. Prestress treatment is a challenge of 3D solid analysis, and the accuracy of its simulation is the key to the success of such structural analysis. The use of a steel structure in the main tower can easily solve the stress problem at the corners, but the stress will be very complicated for a concrete main tower. Structural drawing of bridge (unit: cm). Just weeks after the July 1, 2003 kick off, Figg Engineering Group, of Tallahassee Florida was chosen as designer from a group of competitively evaluated RFQs. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2019-MS-265), the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0809600 and 2018YFC0809606), and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines (2019SMDM-KF-A01). Where isCribstone Bridge located in Maine? Maine's first cable-stayed bridge opened to traffic on December 30, 2006. p. 19. the Quincy Bayview Bridge located in Illinois, USA as shown in Fig. 3 is studied using the following numerical. With all that water, its not surprising that there are a ton of interesting bridges in Maine. It had a main span of 600-ft (183-m) and two symmetrical back spans of 245-ft 2020 by FIGG. Maine's first cable-stayed bridge opened to traffic on December 30, 2006. The old Waldo-Hancock bridge is one example. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. 1, pp. For questions, comments and inquiries please email: mstarin@onlyinyourstate.com. Cable-stayed bridge - Wikipedia Bridge over the Songo River in Casco (2003), Van BurenSt. The service stage test included the following six symmetrical load cases for the tower column test section: (1) working condition 1, loading the positive bending moment of the T1 section; (2) working condition 2, loading the positive bending moment of the T2-1 section; (3) working condition 3, loading the positive bending moment of the T3 section; (4) working condition 4, negative bending moment loading on T3 section; (5) working condition 5, loading positive bending moment of T4-1 section; and (6) working condition 6, loading negative bending moment of T4-1 section. A two-tower cable-stayed bridge as depicted in Fig. After the stiffening plate is set at the corner, the stress concentration coefficient of the bending corner section decreases and the stiffening plate eliminates the out-of-plane bending phenomenon of the tower wall at the middle span side as vertical tensile stress occurs in the stiffener at the bending corner. 6182, 2001. [6] systematically studied the influencing factors of the reasonably formed state of a cable-stayed bridge without backstays and deeply analyzed the mechanical properties of the cable-stayed bridge under various parameters, with focus on the inclination of the tower. 5, pp. These cable-stayed bridgesolutions are built for quality and sustainability withaesthetically pleasing shapes while beingenvironmentally sensitiveand cost-efficient. All rights reserved. The Building of a Landmark (Retrospective), MaineDOT Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP), Maine Atlantic Salmon Programmatic Consultation. The test model is geometrically similar to the bridge prototype and uses as large a scale as possible. Spatial finite element theory was used to analyze the stress characteristics of the control section of the polygonal line tower. Cable-stayed bridges, like the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, require less cable and can be built much faster than . The range is actually circular with a diameter of 10 miles and covers an area of about 75 square miles. C. Honigmann and D. P. Billington, Conceptual design for the sunniberg bridge, Journal of Bridge Engineering, vol. For more information, please see our 737755, 1999. Only some of the stress data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article, but all stress data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. Structural health monitoring, having emerged since the early 1990s, is regarded as an in situ field experimental technique to understand the behaviors . 432450, 1997. New bridge named for Lincoln", "1996 Chapter 0179. Frances Millau Orthotropic Steel Viaduct, Nominate Someone Extraordinary for a 2024 AISC Award, Simpson Strong-Tie Introduces New AT-3G Hybrid Acrylic Anchoring Adhesive Designed for Faster Curing Times in Extreme Environments, Simpson Strong-Tie Introduces New Fire-Rated, Load-Tested Fire Wall Hangers for Wood-Framed Multifamily Construction, Simpson Strong-Tie Adds Deep Foundation, Earth Retention Rebar Reinforcing Alignment Products with PIERESEARCH Acquisition. 122130, 2003. The stay cable of the model is made of high-strength steel wires, with an elastic modulus ratio that is equal to 1. A structural model was constructed based on three theorems of similarity theory to obtain results close to the objective reality [1115]. Comparison reveals that the measured stress average is close to the calculated value. Cookie Notice See the Kennebec Bridge. Principal compressive stress of bevel section (MPa). (2)When the bending corner section lacks a stiffening plate, the axial force of the side tower walls of the middle span and the side span will generate lateral component forces at the bending corner, resulting in out-of-plane bending of the two tower walls. Owing to the angle of the main tower, the direction of the axial force transmission changes at the angle of the main tower, generating a large horizontal pulling force. The box girder and stay cable are connected by screw thread, allowing easy adjustment of the stay cables. PDF Analysis of the behaviour of Cable stayed bridge with different types The Penobscot Narrows Bridge is a 2,120-foot-long (650 m) cable-stayed bridge that carries US 1 / SR 3 over the Penobscot River. 19, 2000. However, cable-stayed bridges suffer from a variety of performance deteriorations and natural disasters during their service time. Granite also reflects the timeless, rugged, no-nonsense nature of Maine and its people. The maximum tensile stress measured of the side tower wall of the middle span is 1.24MPa, with an average value of 1.09MPa. Both stress values are lower than those in the absence of a stiffening plate. 1, pp. Terms and Conditions of Use This design also means that individual cables can be easily replaced or upgraded without disturbing traffic or compromising bridge safety. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The bending corner of the main tower is the key part of design control. This is similar to the stress vortex produced by the main stress flow at the abrupt change of channel section. 203210, 2011. (2) Load prestress directly to the key point. For a polygonal line tower cable-stayed bridge, the main tower has a bending corner and the direction of huge axial force transmission changes at this bending corner where the axis of the main tower changes. D. H. Yan, Y. W. He, and H. S. Xu, The influence of the inclination of the tower of the Changsha Hongshan bridge on the state of its bridge, Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), vol. Here are some examples in Maine. 207-469-6553 | Closed for the Season Open 9 AM to 6 PM Daily Open 9 AM to 5 PM Daily. Toward that end, three separate techniques were used to ensure proper maintenance and protection. This is a lot of work because the main cables are made of thousands of individual cables and it's these individual cables at the end that . Before linking, please review the STRUCTUREmag.org linking policy. 40, no. How cool is that? as well as. B. Wang, Structural Design and Calculation of the Cable-Stayed Bridge with No Backstays in the Leaning Tower, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, 2006. Cable-stayed bridges have become the form of choice over the past several decades for bridges in the medium- to long-span range. The theoretical calculated stress values of the side tower walls of the side-span and the mid-span sections are 0.78MPa and 0.90MPa, respectively. Bangor Daily News. An arch bridge gets its support from the arch, not from trusses and beams. Address: Bailey Island Bridge, Harpswell, ME, USA The OIYS Visitor Center Cribstone Bridge in Maine November 10, 2021 Sarah Are there any covered bridges in Maine? This project has been funded in part by a grant from the Fondren Endowed Fund of the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the Burdine Johnson Foundation. If you're ready to embark on an adventure to Cribstone Bridge, you'll probably want to know where in Maine it's located. In the actual construction process of the original bridge, the stay cable and the box girder are installed, and the stay cable, the box girder, and the main tower are gradually compensated for dead load. Chen et al. OnlyInYourState may earn compensation through affiliate links in this article. Based on the stress characteristics of the concrete broken-line tower, stiffening plates should be added to the section of the broken-line tower. The cable-stayed bridge form has evolved considerably since the 1950s, when the Stromsund Bridge, widely regarded as the first modern cable-stayed bridge, was built in Sweden. New Portland over the Carrabassett (2001), New Portland over the Carrabassett River (2001). In working condition 2, the T2-2 section of pier #4 is loaded, with measured maximum tensile stress of the side tower wall of the side span of 0.64MPa, with an average value of 0.42MPa. The cable-stay bridge is a complex hyperstatic structure with large span and slender proportions, making it highly sensitive to temperature, especially in terms of deformation. 4, pp. (b) Block diagram. Initially, the design included two WWF450X274 steel section sizes for longitudinal girders at each side. 4, pp. The FIGG team has studied, designed, or helped build 33 cable-stayed bridges with main span lengths up to 1,750 and is Engineer of Record on 9 cable-stayed bridges in the United States. Host Your Special Event. L. H. Han, T. M. Mu, F. C. Wang et al., Design theory of CFST (concrete-filled steel tubular) mixed structures and its applications in bridge engineering, China Civil Engineering Journal, vol. he Hemlock Bridge, a structure that dates back to 1857. This can be difficult to implement when ground conditions are poor. 2, pp. But in keeping with local architecture, the community wanted a traditional looking bridge. The measured stress values were lower than the theoretically calculated stress values. Main Girder Deflection Variations in Cable-Stayed Bridge with - Hindawi The measured maximum compressive stress of the side tower wall of the middle span is 1.23MPa, and the average value is 1.08MPa. Most bridge projects of this magnitude take at least a decade to plan and construct because normally a bridge is fully designed before the ground is broken. Under the action of live load, the side tower wall of the side span is in tension, with a measured maximum tensile stress of 0.99MPa and an average value of 0.88MPa. 15, no. 1422, 1999. A harp cable-stayed bridge is a type of bridge that has cables that are arranged in a harp-like pattern from the central tower to the deck. bridges in Maine. The data in Table 4 shows that, after the above-mentioned concrete broken-line bridge tower is provided with the above structure, the phenomenon of stress concentration at the corner of the main tower is significantly reduced, which effectively improves the mechanical characteristics of the concrete broken-line bridge tower. Bridges may be classified by several factors: span, travel, form, and material. Copyright 2020 Yan-feng Li et al. G. Y. Huang, Research on Cable-Stayed Bridge without Back Cable, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China, 2006. Six epoxy-coated steel strands were removed and successfully replaced with CFRP strands in June 2007. Location: Meridian, California, USA - Sacramento River. This state has tons of water, including a craggy coastline and lots of rivers and lakes. For a fold-line tower, the axial forces transmission direction changes at the fold area, generating a large amount of tension force. J. R. Casas, S. Calatrava, and A. C. Aparicio, The Alamillo cable-stayed bridge: special issues faced in the analysis and construction, Structures&Buildings, vol. Bridge Hunter Engineering and transportation geeks are fascinated by the award-winning and innovative design. From the quaint covered bridges that link town to town and the little, quirky ones that are mostly just meant to be fun for little Mainers, bridge lovers will find plenty to explore. No one, with even the smallest part in the Penobscot Narrows Bridge and Observatory project, will ever forget the experience. Bridge Forms C. Y. Liu, Q. Hu, Y. Y. Wang, and S. M. Zhang, In-plane stability of concrete-filled steel tubular parabolic truss arches, International Journal of Steel Structures, vol. Then the stay cable is tensioned and the cable is adjusted [1619]. The actual facts of its origin have frequently been misquoted. As compared to . 4, no. (3)After the stiffening plate is placed at the corner, the stress concentration factor of the bending corner section decreases. Test section stress of no. The theoretical calculated stresses of the side tower walls of the side-span and the mid-span sections are 1.69MPa and 1.00MPa, respectively. PDF Maine's First Cable-Stayed Bridge - STRUCTURE magazine We don't blame you -- there's something so incredibly cool about a massive, man-made bridge! In some cases, serviceability problems involving large amplitude vibrations of stay cables under certain wind and rain conditions have been observed. Also search bridges and covered bridges for articles referencing bridges. and our Designed as an emergency replacement for the Waldo-Hancock Bridge, the new bridge uses an innovative cradle system to carry the stays from the bridge deck through the pylon and back to the bridge deck. J. W. Dali and W. F. Laili, Experiment and Analysis of Residual Stress, Ocean Press, Beijing, China, 1987. The Penobscot Narrows Bridge and Observatory is the crown jewel of coastal Maine, offering spectacular 360-degree views of the Penobscot River and Bay, the Maine countryside and the distant western mountains. In order to help stakeholders to make maintenance decisions, an extreme cable force estimation method was proposed based on cable force measurements and . The cables run directly from the roadway up to a tower, forming a unique "A" shape. Working conditions 1 to 6 were separately applied to the maximum bending moment of tower columns T1 to T4. A total of 120 galvanized high-strength steel wires are used in the bridge, with specifications of 151-7, 211-7, 241-7, and 301-7, as shown in Figure 1. This form relies on triangle-based supports of rigid materials, such as iron, steel, and wood. The structural diagram of the stiffening plate is shown in Figures 11 and 12. Concrete cable-stayed bridges have several advantages over suspension bridges: they require less cable, can be constructed with identical precast sections and are faster to build. The self-weight of the stay cable significantly affects the deformation of the stay cable. There are 19 sections in the box girder of the testing model, which can be spliced section-by-section according to the construction process. To deal with this, the size of the axillary angle of the stiffener should be appropriately increased during design, and the vertical main tensile reinforcement and surface anticrack reinforcement of the inner periphery of the stiffener should be appropriately strengthened. At 0.6m above the bending corner section, the maximum compressive stress is 17.50MPa. But the two bridges support the load of the roadway in very. Under the combined action of constant load and live load, the measured stress values of the cross section T2-1 on the mid-span side and the side-span side are quite different, which can reach 17.53 MPa. Visitors of all ages and interests will enjoy this unique campus that includes, MaineDOT Facebook There have been a number of improvements since then, making this one of the most beautiful (and sturdy!) A. J. Reis and J. J. Oliveira Pedro, The europe bridge in Portugal: Concept and structural design, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. PC Cable-Stayed Bridge Main Girder Shear Lag Effects - Hindawi Dead load compensation is achieved by hanging heavy objects directly at the hanging point, and the construction load and live load are achieved by adding heavy loads to the bridge deck. Introduction The main girder, a single-cable plane cable- (PC-) stayed bridge, is generally in box section form. Under the action of live load, the maximum compressive stress measured for the side tower wall of the side span is 1.83MPa, and the average value is 1.58MPa. The theoretical calculated stresses of the side tower walls of the side-span and the mid-span sections are 0.61MPa and 1.41MPa, respectively. 207-469-6553 | Closed for the Season Open 9 AM to 6 PM Daily Open 9 AM to 5 PM Daily, The Penobscot Narrows Bridge and Observatory is the crown jewel of coastal Maine, offering spectacular 360-degree views of the Penobscot River and Bay, the Maine countryside and the distant western mountains. All images on this websitearecopyrighted property. Comparison of the two figures reveals that, due to the fact that the bending corner section has no stiffening plate, the axial force of the side tower walls of the middle span and the side span will generate lateral component forces at the bending corner, resulting in out-of-plane bending of the tower wall. D. R. Li, B. M. Wang, and Y. C. Lin, Structural Model Experiment, Science Press, Beijing, China, 1996. Diagram of testing section arrangement about girder (unit: cm). A vibrating wire type load cell is installed at the joint to measure the cable force of the stay cable. Also known as girder bridges, the simple form consists of a single beam on a vertical support at each end. Maine's first cable-stayed bridge opened to traffic on December 30, 2006. This is an open access article distributed under the. The surrounding area of California's Great Central Valley is pancake flat for many thousands of square miles and all at well under 100 feet above sea level. Wang [7] summarized the structural characteristics of a cable-stayed bridge without a backstay from the three aspects of tower, cable, and beam, studied the structural design and calculation of a cable-stayed bridge without backstay of the leaning tower, and combined this theoretical work with actual engineering structural analysis. The state of the art in structural health monitoring of cable-stayed (2) The main load is the tensile force of the cable and the pressure of prestressed reinforcement in the horizontal direction. The load compensation of the main girder is performed as concentrated load to the transverse diaphragm. The results indicate that the side wall of the main tower is subjected to large vertical compressive stress, and the concrete three-way medium is vertically squeezed to cause lateral expansion deformation. The load of the test model is proportionally reduced according to the actual load ratio. This List of cable-stayed bridges in the United States includes notable cable-stayed bridges, both existing and destroyed, in the United States of America, organized by name. The theoretical calculated stresses of the side tower walls of the side-span and the mid-span sections are 1.59MPa and 0.73MPa, respectively. 67, no. bridges in Maine. This cable-stayed bridge features a cradle-stay system in the pylons that provides a continuous cable stay between the main span bridge deck anchorage and the back span bridge deck anchorage. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. This is added in stages according to the external load mode [2224]. Questions or comments regarding this website are encouraged: Contact the webmaster. Meetings with the community began to determine a balance between the best aesthetic for the region, the realities of construction and maintenance costs and the need for an unprecedented delivery time. The range of the high stress zone is small. 183194, 1967. Normal stress of bevel section above 0.6m (MPa). The measured maximum compressive stress of the side tower wall of the middle span is 21.13MPa, and the average value is 1.91MPa. Historic Bridges in the State of Maine. http://www.maine.gov/mdot/historicbridges/index.htm (accessed March 31, 2013), Maine Department of Transportation. With no stiffening plate, the transverse force will be produced as the result of the axial force of the mid-span and side-span tower walls at the corner. There is a serious stress concentration in this part, with a small range of high stress area.
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